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Reproductive Health and Wellness

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in a Young Adult Female at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital: a Case Report

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Background: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but life-threatening idiosyncratic complication following the use of
antipsychotic agents, anaesthesia and surgery. It is characterized by hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic disturbances and
mental state alterations.
Case: A 31 year old female weighing 60kg received a depot preparation of Fluphenazine on account of depression with psychotic
features observed two days prior to elective Cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. Surgery and anaesthesia were essentially
uneventful. Forty eight hours post-operatively, the patient developed features suggestive of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
complicated by aspiration pneumonitis. This necessitated her admission into the intensive care unit. She had prolonged
stay in the intensive care unit, where she was mechanically ventilated, developed deep venous thrombosis of the left upper limb
and required tracheostomy on account of prolonged endotracheal intubation. Patient recovered fully following bromocriptine
and dantrolene therapy. She was discharged home after 60 days on admission and has remained in good health.
Conclusion: Though rare, neuroleptic malignant syndrome can occur in young adult females following use of antipsychotics,
anaesthesia and surgery. Its clinical course can be prolonged and distressing with the use of depot preparations. Early diagnosis
and prompt supportive measures are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.

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English
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Subject(s)
Adult Female
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
University of Benin Teaching Hospital
Autonomic Disturbances
Mental State Alterations
Anaesthesia
Surgery
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Article
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