Intimate Partner Violence and HIV in Ten Sub-Saharan African Countries: What do the Demographic and Health Surveys tell us?

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Background Many studies have identifi ed a signifi cant positive relation between intimate partner violence and HIV in
women, but adjusted analyses have produced inconsistent results. We systematically assessed the association, and
under what condition it holds, using nationally representative data from ten sub-Saharan African countries, focusing
on physical, sexual, and emotional violence, and on the role of male controlling behaviour.

Methods We assessed cross-sectional data from 12 Demographic and Health Surveys from ten countries in sub-
Saharan Africa. The data are nationally representative for women aged 15–49 years. We estimated odds ratios using
logistic regression with and without controls for demographic and socioeconomic factors and survey–region fi xed
eff ects. Exposure was measured using physical, sexual, emotional violence, and male controlling behaviour, and
combinations of these. The samples used were ever-married women, married women, and women in their fi rst
union. Depending on specifi cation, the sample size varied between 11 231 and 45 550 women.

Findings There were consistent and strong associations between HIV infection in women and physical violence,
emotional violence, and male controlling behaviour (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1·2 to 1·7; p values ranged
from

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: ., 2015

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Language

English

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Subject(s)

Sexual Violence
HIV
Intimate partner violence
Sub-Saharan African countries
Demographic and Health
Emotional violence
Socioeconomic factors

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