Development Studies
Strengthening Gender Research to Improve Girls' and Women's Education in Africa. Vol. I
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ratified in 1948 by the United Nations elevated education as a basic
human right. All sub-Saharan countries endorsed the Declaration, as they did the Education for All (EFA) agenda of 1990. The Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) have been another instrument by which to address the provision of education at all levels to eliminate
gender disparities by 2005 and to achieve gender equality by 2015.
However, despite the dedication and commitment of the international community to address gender issues in
education at all levels, gender disparity continues to be a clear reminder of the failed objectives and missed targets
set by the international conferences, conventions and declarations that many sub-Saharan African countries
ratified.
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